Nursing Review: Isolation Precautions


 
Standard Precautions / Universal Precautions

Applies to ALL BODY FLUIDS
Includes:
1.      HAND WASHING
2.      Personal Protective Equipment
(sequence of removing PPE’s)
gloves-mask-gown-eyewear-cap
3.      Safe use of sharps
4.      Removing spills of blood and body fluids
5.      Cleaning and disinfecting equipment

Transmission Based Precautions
• Airborne precautions
  1. A single room under negative pressure ventilation with a wash hand basin
  2. The door must be kept closed at all times except during necessary entrances and exits.
  3. Disposable paper towels
  4. A high efficiency mask, if available, should be worn when entering the room of a patient with known or suspected tuberculosis.

• Droplet precautions
Put on a standard mask prior to entering the isolation room. 
Hands must be washed with an antiseptic preparation and must be dried thoroughly with a disposable paper towel or washed with a waterless alcohol hand rub/gel:
1.      AFTER contact with the patient or potentially contaminated items, 
2.      AFTER removing gloves, and
3.      BEFORE taking care of another patient.

• Contact precautions
  1. Non-sterile, disposable gloves are needed when there is contact with an infected site, with dressings, or with secretions.
  2. A mask when performing procedures that may generate aerosols or when performing suctioning is recommended.
  3. Hands washing (see droplet precautions)

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