Nursing Review: Isolation Precautions

 

Standard Precautions / Universal Precautions

Applies to ALL BODY FLUIDS

Includes:

1.      HAND WASHING

2.      Personal Protective Equipment

(sequence of removing PPE’s)

gloves-mask-gown-eyewear-cap

3.      Safe use of sharps

4.      Removing spills of blood and body fluids

5.      Cleaning and disinfecting equipment

Transmission Based Precautions

• Airborne precautions

1. A single room under negative pressure ventilation with a wash hand basin
2. The door must be kept closed at all times except during necessary entrances and exits.
3. Disposable paper towels
4. A high efficiency mask, if available, should be worn when entering the room of a patient with known or suspected tuberculosis.

• Droplet precautions

Put on a standard mask prior to entering the isolation room. 

Hands must be washed with an antiseptic preparation and must be dried thoroughly with a disposable paper towel or washed with a waterless alcohol hand rub/gel:

1.      AFTER contact with the patient or potentially contaminated items, 

2.      AFTER removing gloves, and

3.      BEFORE taking care of another patient.

• Contact precautions

1. Non-sterile, disposable gloves are needed when there is contact with an infected site, with dressings, or with secretions.
2. A mask when performing procedures that may generate aerosols or when performing suctioning is recommended.
3. Hands washing (see droplet precautions)

Nursing Review: Chain of Infection

MODE OF TRANSMISSION it indicates the potential of the disease; conveyance of the agent to the host; it can be by common source transmission, contact source, air-borne transmission.

There are four main routes of transmission

1. By Contact Transmission

            1. Direct contact ( person to person )

            2. Indirect contact ( usually an inanimate object)

            3. Droplet contact ( from coughing, sneezing, or

                            talking, or talking by an infected person)

2. By Vehicle Route ( through contaminated items)

            1. Food – salmonellosis

            2. Water – shigellosis, legionellosis

            3. Drugs – bacteremia resulting from infusion of a

                                  contaminated infusion product

            4. Blood – hepatitis B,  

        C.    Airborne Transmission

            1.  Droplet of nuclei

            2.   Dust particle in the air containing the infectious

                            agent

            3. Organisms shed into environment from skin, hair,

                           wounds or perineal area.

          D.  Vector borne Transmission, arthropods such as flies, mosquitoes, ticks and others.  

Nursing Review: Field Health Service Information System

 

Field Health Service Information System ( FHSIS)

 Individual Treatment Record (ITR)

Fundamental building block or foundation FHSIS.

 Target Client List (TCL)

Such lists will be of considerable value to midwives/nurses in monitoring service delivery to clients in general and in particular to groups of patients identified as “targets” or “eligibles” for one or another program of the Department

 Summary Table

Composed of Health Program Accomplish and Morbidity Diseases

 The Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT)

FHSIS Reporting

 Monthly Form

1.      Program report (M1)

2.      Morbidity report (M2)

  Prepare by Midwife

  Every 2^nd week of the month is the submission

 Quarterly Form

1.     Program report (Q1)

2.      Morbidity report (Q2)

  Prepared by Nurse

  Every 3^rd week of the succeeding quarter month is the submission

   
Annual Form

1.      ABHS report

Contains data on demographic, environmental and natality.

Prepare by Midwife

Every 2^nd week of January is the submission

2.     A1: Report on vital statistics: demographic, environmental, natality and mortality.

3.      A2: Lists all diseases and their occurrence in the municipality/city. The report is broken down by age and sex.

4.      A3: All deaths occurred in the municipality/city. The report is also broken down by age and sex

 Prepared by Nurse

 Every 3^rd week of January is the submission